Salivary molecular spectroscopy: A sustainable, rapid and non-invasive monitoring tool for diabetes mellitus during insulin treatment.

Monitoring of blood glucose is an invasive, painful and costly practice in diabetes. Consequently, the search for a more cost-effective (reagent-free), non-invasive and specific diabetes monitoring method is of great interest. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy has been used in diagnosis of several diseases, however, applications in the monitoring of diabetic treatment are just beginning to emerge. Here, we used ATR-FTIR spectroscopy to evaluate saliva of non-diabetic (ND), diabetic (D) and insulin-treated diabetic (D+I) rats to identify potential salivary biomarkers related to glucose monitoring. The spectrum of saliva of ND, D and D+I rats displayed several unique vibrational modes and from these, two vibrational modes were pre-validated as potential diagnostic biomarkers by ROC curve analysis with significant correlation with glycemia. Compared to the ND and D+I rats, classification of D rats was achieved with a sensitivity of 100%, and an average specificity of 93.33% and 100% using bands 1452 cm-1 and 836 cm-1, respectively. Moreover, 1452 cm-1 and 836 cm-1 spectral bands proved to be robust spectral biomarkers and highly correlated with glycemia (R2 of 0.801 and 0.788, P < 0.01, respectively). Both PCA-LDA and HCA classifications achieved an accuracy of 95.2%. Spectral salivary biomarkers discovered using univariate and multivariate analysis may provide a novel robust alternative for diabetes monitoring using a non-invasive and green technology.

Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) Spectroscopy Analysis of Saliva for Breast Cancer Diagnosis.

Saliva biomarkers using reagent-free biophotonic technology have not been investigated as a strategy for early detection of breast cancer (BC). The attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy has been proposed as a promising tool for disease diagnosis. However, its utilization in cancer is still incipient, and currently saliva has not been used for BC screening. We have applied ATR-FTIR onto saliva from patients with breast cancer, benign breast disease, and healthy matched controls to investigate its potential use in BC diagnosis. Several salivary vibrational modes have been identified in original and second-derivative spectra. The absorbance levels at wavenumber 1041 cm-1 were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in saliva of breast cancer patients compared with those of benign patients, and the ROC curve analysis of this peak showed a reasonable accuracy to discriminate breast cancer from benign and control patients. The 1433-1302.9 cm-1 band area was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in saliva of breast cancer patients than in control and benign patients. This salivary ATR-FTIR spectral area was prevalidated as a potential diagnostic biomarker of BC. This spectral biomarker was able to discriminate human BC from controls with sensitivity and specificity of 90% and 80%, respectively. Besides, it was able to differentiate BC from benign disease with sensitivity and specificity of 90% and 70%, respectively. Briefly, for the first time, saliva analysis by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy has demonstrated the potential use of salivary spectral biomarkers (1041 cm-1 and 1433-1302.9 cm-1) as a novel alternative for noninvasive BC diagnosis, which could be used for screening purposes.

Diferentes sistemas cerâmicos na reabilitação oral: relato de caso clínico / Ceramic systems different in oral rehabilitation: case report

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um caso clínico, demonstrando a associação entre diferentes tipos de restaurações e sistemas cerâmicos, na reabilitação do sorriso de uma paciente do gênero feminino com queixas em relação à cor e ao posicionamento dos elementos anteriores superiores. Ao exame clínico constatou-se exposição do metal da coroa metalocerâmica no elemento 21 e escurecimento, mau posicionamento dos elementos 13, 12, 22 e 23, além de diferença de cor entre os dentes. Foi proposto como plano de tratamento a substituição das coroas metalocerâmicas por novas coroas nos elementos 11 e 21, e a confecção de facetas indiretas em cerâmica reforçada por dissilicato de lítio (IPS e-max Press, Ivoclar Vivadent) nos dentes 13, 12, 22 e 23. A associação entre coroas metalocerâmicas e facetas convencionais, mostrou-se uma forma de tratamento efetiva na reabilitação do sorriso, garantindo ao final do tratamento correta seleção de cor, boa adaptação marginal das restaurações, alinhamento adequado e também, bons resultados estéticos e boa função mastigatória, contribuindo para a satisfação da paciente.

The aim of this study is to present a clinical case demonstrating the association between different types of restorations and ceramic systems in the smile rehabilitation of a female patient with complaints about the color and and placement of the maxillary anterior elements. On clinical examination it was found metal exposure of the metal-ceramic crown on element 21, darkening and poor positioning of elements 13,12, 22 and 23, as well as, color difference between the teeth. Was proposed as treatment plan the replacement of metal-ceramic crowns by new crowns in the elements 11 e 21, and the making of indirect veneers in ceramic reinforced by lithium dissilicate (IPS e-max Press, Ivoclar Vivadent) on teeth 13, 12, 22 and 23. The association between metal-ceramic crowns and conventional veneers, proved to be a form of effective treatment in the smile rehabilitation, ensuring in the end of the treatment correct color selection, good marginal adaptation of restorations, proper alignment and also good esthetic results and good chewing function , contributing to patient satisfaction.